Flavonoïdes

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Nom de la substance

Flavonoïdes

Famille moléculaire

Source végétale

  • Fruits, légumes, vin, thé, quasiment toutes les plantes médicinales
  • Teneur en nutriments protecteurs de quelques légumes (en mg/100 g)
	Fibres solubles F.insolubles	Vitamine C	Caroténoïdes	Flavonoïdes*
brocoli		15		14	90-149		3		10
céleri		12,6		15,3	75		2		10
chicorée	9,9		12,8	15		2		2
choux Bruxelles	6,3		14,3	70		1,8		6,5
chou fleur	12		13,4	50		0,3		0,3
concombre	6,6		10,2	20		2		0,2
endive		9,2		11,5	20		1,3		29
épinards	7,6		13,3	50		15		0,1
haricots verts	12,8		17,4	20		3		7
laitue		11,3		12,5	20		3		1,5
oignon		11,6		9,5	15		0,3		35
poireau		12,6		12,5	25		3		10
radis		11,3		15,9	25		0,2		0,6
---
(*quercétine + kaempférol + apigénine + lutéoline)

Source : Marie-José Amiot-Carlin et Christian Rémésy (INRA) [5]

Propriétés

Effet thérapeutique

  • Réduction de nombreuses maladies chroniques de civilisation, cancers, maladies cardio-vasculaires et cérébro-vasculaires, diabète [47]
  • Prévention de la survenue de maladie de Parkinson (surtout avec les anthocyanes des petits fruits colorés [48], [49]
  • Des apports alimentaires élevés de flavonols peuvent être associés à une réduction du risque de contracter une démence d'Alzheimer [50], [51]
  • Prévention et traitement du syndrome métabolique par les anthocyanosides et les catéchines (insulino-résistance, diabète, obésité, hypertension artérielle) [52], [53]

Effets indésirables

Bibliographie

  1. ↑ USDA Database for the Flavonoid: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Flav/Flav02-1.pdf
  2. ↑ Cano A, Arnao MB, Williamson G, Garcia-Conesa MT. Superoxide scavenging by polyphenols: effect of conjugation and dimerization. Redox Rep. 2002;7(6):379-83. PMID 12625945
  3. ↑ Es-Safi NE, Ghidouche S, Ducrot PH. Flavonoids: hemisynthesis, reactivity, characterization and free radical scavenging activity. Molecules. 2007 Sep 26;12(9):2228-58. PMID 17962740
  4. ↑ Elliott AJ, Scheiber SA, Thomas C, Pardini RS. Inhibition of glutathione reductase by flavonoids. A structure-activity study. Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Oct 20;44(8):1603-8. PMID 1329770
  5. ↑ Christie S, Walker AF, Lewith GT. Flavonoids--a new direction for the treatment of fluid retention? Phytother Res. 2001 Sep;15(6):467-75. PMID 11536373
  6. ↑ Morand, Christine. (2014). Intérêt des aliments riches en flavonoïdes pour le maintien de la santé cardio-métabolique. Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques. 8. 10.1016/S1957-2557(14)70860-0.
  7. ↑ Fuhrman B, Aviram M. Flavonoids protect LDL from oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001 Feb;12(1):41-8. PMID 11176202
  8. ↑ Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Keen CL, Fraga CG. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by flavan-3-ols and procyanidins. FEBS Lett. 2003 Dec 18;555(3):597-600. PMID 14675780
  9. ↑ Ottaviani JI, Actis-Goretta L, Villordo JJ, Fraga CG. Procyanidin structure defines the extent and specificity of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition. Biochimie. 2006 Mar-Apr;88(3-4):359-65. PMID 16330143
  10. ↑ Actis-Goretta L, Ottaviani JI, Fraga CG. Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by flavanol-rich foods. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jan 11;54(1):229-34. PMID 16390204
  11. ↑ Kim HP, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Anti-inflammatory plant flavonoids and cellular action mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Nov;96(3):229-45. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jphs/96/3/229/_pdf
  12. ↑ Guo W, Wei X, Wu S, Wang L, Peng H, Wang J, Fang B. Antagonistic effect of flavonoids on NSC-741909-mediated antitumor activity via scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Dec 15;649(1-3):51-8. PMID 20854805
  13. ↑ Szliszka E, Czuba ZP, Mazur B, Paradysz A, Krol W. Chalcones and dihydrochalcones augment TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Molecules. 2010 Aug 4;15(8):5336-53. PMID 20714300
  14. ↑ Go ML, Wu X, Liu XL. Chalcones: an update on cytotoxic and chemoprotective properties. Curr Med Chem. 2005;12(4):481-99. PMID 15720256
  15. ↑ Bédard Valérie. Les propriétés anti-angiogéniques des flavonoïdes. Mémoire de maîtrise en chimie. Université du Québec à Montréal, avril 2008
  16. ↑ Kim YH, Shin EK, Kim DH, Lee HH, Park JH, Kim JK. Antiangiogenic effect of licochalcone A. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010 Oct 15;80(8):1152-9. PMID 20637733
  17. ↑ Gacche RN, Shegokar HD, Gond DS, Yang Z, Jadhav AD. Evaluation of selected flavonoids as antiangiogenic, anticancer, and radical scavenging agents: an experimental and in silico analysis. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2011 Dec;61(3):651-63. PMID 21830125
  18. ↑ Wang LS, Stoner GD. Anthocyanins and their role in cancer prevention. Cancer Lett. 2008 Oct 8;269(2):281-90. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.05.020. PMID 18571839
  19. ↑ Amin AR, Wang D, Zhang H, Peng S, Shin HJ, Brandes JC, Tighiouart M, Khuri FR, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Enhanced anti-tumor activity by the combination of the natural compounds (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and luteolin: potential role of p53. J Biol Chem. 2010 Nov 5;285(45):34557-65. PMID 20826787
  20. ↑ Chahar MK, Sharma N, Dobhal MP, Joshi YC. Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011 Jan;5(9):1-12. PMID 22096313 Texte intégral
  21. ↑ Cooke D, Schwarz M, Boocock D, Winterhalter P, Steward WP, Gescher AJ, Marczylo TH. Effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside and an anthocyanin mixture from bilberry on adenoma development in the ApcMin mouse model of intestinal carcinogenesis--relationship with tissue anthocyanin levels. Int J Cancer. 2006 Nov 1;119(9):2213-20. PMID 16823841
  22. ↑ Tanaka T, Takahashi R. Flavonoids and Asthma. Nutrients. 2013;5(6):2128-2143. doi:10.3390/nu5062128 texte intégral
  23. ↑ Paladini AC, Marder M, Viola H, Wolfman C, Wasowski C, Medina JH. Flavonoids and the central nervous system: from forgotten factors to potent anxiolytic compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 May;51(5):519-26. PMID 10411210
  24. ↑ Medina JH, Viola H, Wolfman C, Marder M, Wasowski C, Calvo D, Paladini AC. Neurochem Res. 1997 Apr;22(4):419-25. Overview--flavonoids: a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands. PMID 9130252
  25. ↑ Paladini AC, Marder M, Viola H, Wolfman C, Wasowski C, Medina JH. Flavonoids and the central nervous system: from forgotten factors to potent anxiolytic compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 May;51(5):519-26. PMID 10411210
  26. ↑ Jäger AK, Saaby L. Flavonoids and the CNS. Molecules. 2011 Feb 10;16(2):1471-85. doi: 10.3390/molecules16021471. PMID 21311414
  27. ↑ Grosso C, Valentão P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB. The use of flavonoids in central nervous system disorders. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(37):4694-719. PMID 23834189
  28. ↑ Diniz TC, Silva JC, de Lima-Saraiva SR, Ribeiro FP, Pacheco AG, de Freitas RM, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans Jde S, Mendes RL, Almeida JR. The role of flavonoids on oxidative stress in epilepsy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:171756. doi: 10.1155/2015/171756. PMID 25653736
  29. ↑ Straub I, Krügel U, Mohr F, Teichert J, Rizun O, Konrad M, Oberwinkler J, Schaefer M. Flavanones that selectively inhibit TRPM3 attenuate thermal nociception in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Nov;84(5):736-50. doi: 10.1124/mol.113.086843. PMID 24006495.
  30. ↑ Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type-2. Virol J. 2011 Dec 28;8:560. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-560. PMID 22201648
  31. ↑ Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. Novel antiviral activity of baicalein against dengue virus. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Nov 9;12:214. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-214. PMID 23140177
  32. ↑ Liu AL, Wang HD, Lee SM, Wang YT, Du GH. Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Aug 1;16(15):7141-7. PMID 18640042
  33. ↑ Mazzio EA, Close F, Soliman KF. The biochemical and cellular basis for nutraceutical strategies to attenuate neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2011 Jan 17;12(1):506-69. doi: 10.3390/ijms12010506. PMID 21340000; PMCID: PMC3039966.
  34. ↑ Zhang X, Molsberry SA, Yeh TS, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A, Gao X. Intake of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Rich Foods and Mortality Risk Among Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurology. 2022 Mar 8;98(10):e1064-e1076. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013275. PMID 35082171.
  35. ↑ Buer CS, Imin N, Djordjevic MA. Flavonoids: new roles for old molecules. J Integr Plant Biol. 2010 Jan;52(1):98-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00905.x. PMID 20074144
  36. ↑ Manuela Blasa, Donato Angelino, Lorenzo Gennari Paolino Ninfali. The cellular antioxidant activity in red blood cells (CAA-RBC): A new approach to bioavailability and synergy of phytochemicals and botanical extracts. Food Chemistry Volume 125, Issue 2, 15 March 2011, Pages 685–691 [1]
  37. ↑ Lila M. A. (2004). Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Approach. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2004(5), 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1155/S111072430440401X. PMID 15577194
  38. ↑ Solnier, J., & Fladerer, J. P. (2020). Flavonoids: A complementary approach to conventional therapy of COVID-19?. Phytochemistry reviews : proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe, 1–23. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09720-6. PMID 32982616
  39. ↑ Jo, S., Kim, S., Shin, D. H., & Kim, M. S. (2020). Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 35(1), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480. PMID 31724441
  40. ↑ Jo, S., Kim, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, M. S., & Shin, D. H. (2020). Flavonoids with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 35(1), 1539–1544. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2020.1801672. PMID 32746637
  41. ↑ Su, H. X., Yao, S., Zhao, W. F., Li, M. J., Liu, J., Shang, W. J., Xie, H., Ke, C. Q., Hu, H. C., Gao, M. N., Yu, K. Q., Liu, H., Shen, J. S., Tang, W., Zhang, L. K., Xiao, G. F., Ni, L., Wang, D. W., Zuo, J. P., Jiang, H. L., … Xu, Y. C. (2020). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 41(9), 1167–1177. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0483-6. PMID 32737471
  42. ↑ Zhu, Y., Ling, W., Guo, H., Song, F., Ye, Q., Zou, T., Li, D., Zhang, Y., Li, G., Xiao, Y., Liu, F., Li, Z., Shi, Z., & Yang, Y. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of purified dietary anthocyanin in adults with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 23(9), 843–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2012.06.005 PMID: 22906565
  43. ↑ Zhu, Y., Xia, M., Yang, Y., Liu, F., Li, Z., Hao, Y., Mi, M., Jin, T., & Ling, W. (2011). Purified anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelial function via NO-cGMP activation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. Clinical chemistry, 57(11), 1524–1533. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.167361 PMID 21926181
  44. ↑ Song, F., Zhu, Y., Shi, Z., Tian, J., Deng, X., Ren, J., Andrews, M. C., Ni, H., Ling, W., & Yang, Y. (2014). Plant food anthocyanins inhibit platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolaemia: Involving the signalling pathway of PI3K-Akt. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 112(5), 981–991. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH13-12-1002 PMID 25077916
  45. ↑ Liobikas J, Skemiene K, Trumbeckaite S, Borutaite V. Anthocyanins in cardioprotection: A path through mitochondria. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt B):808-815. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.036. PMID 27038533
  46. ↑ García-Conesa MT, Chambers K, Combet E, Pinto P, Garcia-Aloy M, Andrés-Lacueva C, de Pascual-Teresa S, Mena P, Konic Ristic A, Hollands WJ, Kroon PA, Rodríguez-Mateos A, Istas G, Kontogiorgis CA, Rai DK, Gibney ER, Morand C, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foods and Derived Products Containing Ellagitannins and Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: Analysis of Factors Influencing Variability of the Individual Responses. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Feb 28;19(3):694. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030694. PMID 29495642; PMCID: PMC5877555.
  47. ↑ Knekt P, Kumpulainen J, Järvinen R, Rissanen H, Heliövaara M, Reunanen A, Hakulinen T, Aromaa A. Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;76(3):560-8. PMID 12198000 Texte intégral : [2]
  48. ↑ X. Gao, A. Cassidy, M.A. Schwarzschild, E.B. Rimm, A. Ascherio. Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology, April 4, 2012 [3]
  49. ↑ Walter A. Kukull. An apple a day to prevent Parkinson disease. Reduction of risk by flavonoids. Neurology April 10, 2012 vol. 78 no. 15 1112-1113 [4]
  50. ↑ Holland TM, Agarwal P, Wang Y, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA, Booth SL, Morris MC. Dietary flavonols and risk of Alzheimer dementia. Neurology. 2020 Jan 29. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008981. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008981. PMID 31996451
  51. ↑ Damian McNamara. First Evidence Dietary Flavonols Linked to Lower Alzheimer Risk. Medscape, May 9, 2020
  52. ↑ Naseri R, Farzaei F, Haratipour P, Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Farzaei MH, Khodarahmi R, Tewari D, Momtaz S. Anthocyanins in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Dec 4;9:1310. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01310. eCollection 2018. PMID 30564116
  53. ↑ Bordoni A, Boesch C, Malpuech-Brugère C, Orfila C, Tomás-Cobos L. The role of bioactives in energy metabolism and metabolic syndrome. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Aug;78(3):340-350. doi: 10.1017/S0029665119000545. PMID 30967168
  54. ↑ Hodek P, Trefil P, Stiborová M. Flavonoids-potent and versatile biologically active compounds interacting with cytochromes P450. Chem Biol Interact. 2002 Jan 22;139(1):1-21. PMID: 11803026
  55. ↑ Breinholt VM, Offord EA, Brouwer C, Nielsen SE, Brøsen K, Friedberg T. In vitro investigation of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of dietary flavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 May;40(5):609-16. PMID 11955666
  56. ↑ Si D, Wang Y, Zhou YH, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhou H, Li ZS, Fawcett JP. Mechanism of CYP2C9 inhibition by flavones and flavonols. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Mar;37(3):629-34. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.023416. PMID 19074529
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