Quercétine

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Nom de la substance

quercétine (= quercétol), 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone

Famille moléculaire

Flavonoïde (flavonol) ubiquitaire

Source végétale

Propriétés

  • Antioxydant [1], protecteur vasculaire [2]
  • Inhibition de l'agrégation plaquettaire, vasorelaxant [3], relaxant artériel [4]
  • Anti-hypertenseur [5], [6], surtout par certains dérivés (acide quercétine-3-glucuronique) [7]
  • Néphroprotecteur chez le rat [8], protège de la néphrotoxicité de la gentamicine [9]
  • Neuroprotecteur, diminue la neuro-inflammation par action sur les cellules microgliales [10]
  • Anticancéreux [11], [12], avec activité immunostimulante [13] et inducteur d'apoptose [14], [15] avec activité sur les protéines de choc HSP (heat shock proteins) hsp27 et hsp70 [16], [17]
  • Activité antitumorale vis-à-vis du cancer de la prostate [18] et de certaines cellules cancéreuses mammaires [19]
  • Prévention de la toxicité cardiaque de la doxorubicine, avec resvératrol [20]
  • Protection vis-à-vis de l'inflammation gastrique associée à l'infection à Helicobacter pylori par activité sur p38MAPK, BCL-2, BAX. [21]
  • Augmente l'activité antitoxique du foie
  • Antidiabétique [22]
  • Inhibiteur de la lipase pancréatique, potentielle action dans la prise de poids [23]
  • Anti-inflammatoire [24], [25], [26]
  • Anti-allergique [27], [28], inhibition de la dégranulation des mastocytes, avec un effet préventif [29], diminution de l'inflammation liée aux éosinophiles (comme l'isoquercitrine [30], régule la balance Th1/Th2 [31]
  • Antiviral (réduction dose-dépendante de l'infectivité, diminue la réplication intracellulaire) [32]
    • Inhibition de la réplication de rhinovirus [33]
    • Prophylaxie de la grippe par la quercétine [34] ou ses dérivés (quercétine-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) [35], [36], s'oppose aux effets pro-oxydants induits par le virus grippal [37], une thérapie antioxydante pourrait constituer une prévention des complications graves associées à la grippe [38]
    • Inhibition in vitro de la pénétration du virus Ebola par la quercétine-3-O-glucoside [39]
    • Activité antivirale vis-à-vis du virus Zika [40], du virus de l’hépatite B [41], de l’hépatite C [42], d'Epstein-Barr virus EBV et antitumoral contre le carcinome gastrique humain [43]
    • La quercétine ou des dérivés ont un effet inhibiteur de protéases chez les Coronavirus MERS-Cov [44], et d'autres souches comme celles responsables de SRAS [45]
    • Une supplémentation en quercétine (500 mg), vitamine C (500 mg) et bromélaïne (50 mg) semble protectrice en prévention de la COVID-19 chez les professionnels de santé [46]
    • La quercétine atténue la progression de la maladie pulmonaire induite par le rhinovirus dans un modèle murin de BPCO [47]
    • Actif in vitro contre le virus de la dengue [48]
  • Antibactérien et antifongique surtout par certains dérivés (quercétine-3,7-O-α-l-dirhamnoside) [49]
  • Propriétés pseudo-oestrogéniques, inhibition de la perte osseuse et stimulation de la formation osseuse, par inhibition de l'activité des ostéoclastes et stimulation de l'activité des ostéoblastes [50]
  • Effet anti-abortif par activité immunologique [51]
  • La quercétine joue un rôle synergique :
  • La quercétine intervient dans la photo protection chez les végétaux [54]
  • Des composés nouveaux, synthétisés à partir de la quercétine-3-β-galactoside, sont des inhibiteurs efficaces de la protéase 3CL du coronavirus du SARS (SARS-CoV 3CL pro ), et pourraient être développés comme des médicaments pour le SRAS [55]

Effet thérapeutique

  • Diminution du risque coronarien et cérébro-vasculaire
  • Prévention de la prise de poids [56]
  • Effet favorable dans la ménopause
  • Préventif du cancer
  • Peut agir dans l'obésité

Effets indésirables

  • Effets sur les cytochromes P450 :
    • In vitro, la quercétine est un puissant inhibiteur compétitif du CYP1A2, du CYP2C9, du CYP2C19 et du CYP3A4 et un inhibiteur compétitif modéré du CYP2D6 [57]
  • Sa consommation peut donc augmenter sélectivement la concentration sanguine en médicaments, lorsqu'ils sont métabolisés par ces cytochromes

Bibliographie

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  • http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Querc%C3%A9tine#cite_note-USDA-1