Galanga

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Nom de la plante

Galanga

  1. Grand galanga (galangal)
  2. Petit galanga

Dénomination latine internationale

  1. Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. (grand galanga) ou galanga de l'Inde, galanga thaïlandais, galanga thaï
  2. Alpinia officinarum Hance (petit galanga)

Famille botanique

Description et habitat

  • Plante herbacée vivace atteignant 2 mètres de hauteur pour le grand galanga, 1 mètre pour le petit galanga
  • Le rhizome charnu est blanc, fibreux et aromatique, les jeunes pousses roses, les tiges fortes, l'inflorescence à l'extrémité des rameaux porte de nombreuses fleurs parfumées, jaune-blanchâtres

Histoire et tradition

  • Le galanga est surtout utilisé dans la cuisine d'Asie du sud-est (Cambodge, Thaïlande, Indonésie…)
  • Plante de la Médecine ayurvédique et de la Médecine traditionnelle chinoise
  • Le galanga est connu en Occident depuis le XII° siècle pour ses propriétés thérapeutiques, décrites par Platéarius et Sainte Hildegarde de Bingen
  • Utilisé en médecine traditionnelle pour les rhumatismes, l'eczéma, la gastrite, la bronchite, le coryza, l'otite moyenne [1], et plus spécifiquement les douleurs : maux de dents, douleurs abdominales, douleurs musculaires et douleurs articulaires
  • Attention à la ressource, Alpinia galanga serait en voie de raréfaction [2]

Parties utilisées

  • Rhizome

Formes galéniques disponibles

  • Poudre

Dosages usuels

Composition

Composants principaux de la plante

Composants principaux des bourgeons ou jeunes pousses

Composants principaux de l'huile essentielle

Propriétés

Propriétés de la plante

  • Anti-émétique (comparable au gingembre) [4]
  • Utilisé dans des formules anti-gastritiques et anti-Helicobacter pylori [5]
  • La galangine d'Alpinia galanga diminue l’hyperlipidémie, le poids du foie, la peroxydation lipidique, la stéatose hépatique et l’obésité induite par une alimentation type cafétéria chez le rat femelle [6]
  • La prise d'Alpinia officinarum inhibe la différentiation des adipocytes, améliore le profil lipidique (abaisse la concentration sérique de cholestérol total et LDL, de triglycérides), la teneur en leptine et diminue l’obésité induite par un régime riche en graisses chez des souris [7], [8]
  • Inhibition de la production de nitric oxide (NO) dans les macrophages peritonéaux de souris par les diarylheptanoïdes et la galangine [9]
  • Activité antitumorale par inhibition de la promotion induite par des carcinogènes, anti-inflammatoire (diarylheptanoïdes) [10], [11], inducteur d'apoptose sur cellules de cancer du sein [12], [13]
  • Antioxydant [14] , </ref>Ajay, G. N., & Vijaykumar, M. K. (2015). Comparative pharmagognostic and phytochemical investigation of two Alpinia species from Zingiberaceae family. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(5), 1417-1432.</ref>
  • Chimio-protecteur (galangine) [15], Alpinia officinarum diminue la toxicité testiculaire du cisplatine [16]
  • Hépatoprotecteur, Alpinia officinarum protège la cellule hépatique de la toxicité du paracétamol [17], diminue la toxicité hépatique du cisplatine [18]
  • Antibactérien (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes) [19]
  • Antiviral (virus de la grippe) [20]
  • Antifongique [21]
  • Inhibition de la 5-alpha-réductase prostatique [22]
  • Emménagogue, voire abortif, aphrodisiaque féminin (surtout ?) [23], comme Boesenbergia rotunda, une autre Zingiberaceae [24]
  • Anti-inflammatoire : Alpinia galanga [25], [26], et Alpinia officinarum [27]
  • Antalgique [28], [29], [30], [31]

Propriétés du bourgeon

Propriétés de l'huile essentielle

Indications

Indications de la plante entière (phytothérapie)

  • Utilisé en médecine traditionnelle comme stimulant, aphrodisiaque, antibactérien, béchique, cholagogue, digestif, carminatif, antidiarrhéique, dans certaines maladies de peau

Indications du bourgeon (gemmothérapie)

Indications spécifiques de l'huile essentielle (aromathérapie)

Mode d'action connu ou présumé

Formulations usuelles

Réglementation

Effets indésirables éventuels et précautions d'emploi

Références bibliographiques

  1. ↑ Eram, S., M. Mujahid, P. Bagga, M. ARIF, M. A. Ahmad, A. Kumar, F. Ahsan, and M. S. Akhter. “A review on phytopharmacological activity of Alpinia galanga”. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 3, Mar. 2019, pp. 6-11, doi:10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i3.31352.
  2. ↑ Shetty G, Raviraja & Monisha, S.. (2015). Pharmacology of an endangered medicinal plant Alpinia galanga - A review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 6. 499-511.
  3. ↑ Mahae, N., & Chaiseri, S. (2009). Antioxidant activities and antioxidative components in extracts of Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 43(2), 358-369.
  4. ↑ Daitetsu Shin, Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi. Antiemetic Principles of Alpinia officinarum. J. Nat. Prod., 2002, 65 (9), pp 1315–1318 [1]
  5. ↑ Jian-Hui Xie, Yun-Long Chen, Qing-He Wu, Jun Wu, Ji-Yan Su, Hong-Yin Cao, Yu-Cui Li, Yi-Sheng Li, Jin-Bin Liao, Xiao-Ping Lai, Ping Huang, Zi-Ren Su. Gastroprotective and anti-Helicobacter pylori potential of herbal formula HZJW: safety and efficacy assessment. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013, 13:119 texte intégral
  6. ↑ Kumar S, Alagawadi KR (2013) Anti-obesity effects of galangin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor in cafeteria diet fed female rats. Pharm Biol 51: 607-613.
  7. ↑ Xia DZ, Yu XF, Wang HM, Ren QY, Chen BM (2010) Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of ethanolic extract from Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) in rats fed high-fat diet. J Med Food 13: 785-791.
  8. ↑ Jung CH, Jang SJ, Ahn J, Gwon SY, Jeon TI, et al. (2012) Alpinia officinarum inhibits adipocyte differentiation and high-fat diet- induced obesity in mice through regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. J Med Food 15: 959-967.
  9. ↑ Hisashi Matsuda, Shin Ando, Tomoko Kato, Toshio Morikawa and Masayuki Yoshikawa. Inhibitors from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and the structural requirements of diarylheptanoids for the activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 138-142 PMID 16182539
  10. ↑ Ken Yasukawa, Yi Sun, Susumu Kitanaka, Naoyuki Tomizawa, Motofumi Miura, Shigeyasu Motohashi. Inhibitory effect of the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on TPA-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Journal of Natural Medicines, Volume 62, Number 3, 374-378 [2]
  11. ↑ Prem N. Yadav, Zhihua Liu, Mohamed M. Rafi. A Diarylheptanoid from Lesser Galangal (Alpinia officinarum) Inhibits Proinflammatory Mediators via Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, p44/42, and Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor-κB. JPET June 2003 vol. 305 no. 3 925-931 PMID 12626645 [3]
  12. ↑ Samarghandian S, Hajzadeh M, Afshari JT, Hosseini M. Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptotic by ethanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizhome in human breast carcinoma cell line. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:192 (17 June 2014) Abstract texte intégral
  13. ↑ Khairullah, A. R., Solikhah, T. I., Ansori, A. N. M., Fadholly, A., Ramandinianto, S. C., Ansharieta, R., ... & Anshori, A. (2020). A review of an important medicinal plant: Alpinia galanga (L.) willd. Syst Rev Pharm, 11(10), 387-395.
  14. ↑ Aljobair, M. O. (2022). Chemical composition, antimicrobial properties, and antioxidant activity of galangal rhizome. Food Science and Technology, 42, e45622.
  15. ↑ H P Ciolino, G C Yeh. The flavonoid galangin is an inhibitor of CYP1A1 activity and an agonist/antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Br J Cancer. 1999 March; 79(9/10): 1340–1346. PMCID: PMC2362711
  16. ↑ Ashtari A, Niazvand F, Chamkouri N, Mohammadi A, Karami AB. The ameliorative effects of Alpinia officinarum rhizome hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2023 Mar 30;27(1):41-48. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20220017. PMID 36098454; PMCID: PMC10065779.
  17. ↑ Hemabarathy, B., Budin, S. B., & Feizal, V. (2009). Paracetamol hepatotoxicity in rats treated with crude extract of Alpinia galanga. J Biol Sci, 9(1), 57-62. pdf
  18. ↑ Niazvand F, Ashtari A, Chamkouri N, Azari M. Hepatoprotective effects of Alpinia officinarum rhizome extract on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: A biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2023 Dec;80:127306. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127306. Epub 2023 Sep 22. PMID 37757646.
  19. ↑ Pavitra Muniandy, Murugan Paramasivam, Nelson Jeng-Yeou Chear, Darshan Singh, Daruliza Kernain. A study of antibacterial efficacy of Alpinia galangal extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria monocytogenes. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol. 11(8), 2019, 3061-3066
  20. ↑ Rie Sawamura, Yi Sun, Ken Yasukawa, Tomomi Shimizu, Wataru Watanabe, Masahiko Kurokawa. Antiviral activities of diarylheptanoids against influenza virus in vitro. Journal of Natural Medicines, Volume 64, Number 1, 117-120
  21. ↑ Haraguchi H, Kuwata Y, Inada K, Shingu K, Miyahara K, Nagao M, Yagi A. Antifungal activity from Alpinia galanga and the competition for incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids in cell growth. Planta Med. 1996 Aug;62(4):308-13. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-957890. PMID 8792660.
  22. ↑ Kim Yong-Ung, Hyun Kyong Son, Hye Kyoung Song, Ahn Mi-Jeong, Sang Sup Lee, Seung Ki Lee. Inhibition of 5α-reductase activity by diarylheptanoids from Alpinia officinarum. Planta medica, 2003, vol. 69, no1, pp. 72-74 [4]
  23. ↑ Kaushik, D., Yadav, J., Kaushik, P., Sacher, D., & Rani, R. (2011). Current pharmacological and phytochemical studies of the plant Alpinia galanga. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao, 9(10), 1061-1065.
  24. ↑ Ongwisespaiboon O, Jiraungkoorskul W. Fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda and its Aphrodisiac Activity. Pharmacogn Rev. 2017 Jan-Jun;11(21):27-30. doi: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_50_16. PMID 28503050; PMCID: PMC5414452.
  25. ↑ Ghosh, Asim, et al. "Anti-inflammatory activity of root of Alpinia galanga willd." Chronicles of Young Scientists, vol. 2, no. 3, July-Sept. 2011, p. 139. Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A275735957/HRCA?u=anon~ace161a5&sid=googleScholar&xid=81e02ae2. Accessed 19 Apr. 2024. [5]
  26. ↑ Nagashekhar,M.and Shivaprasad,H. N., 20073019577, English, Journal article, India, 1, (1), Bangalore, Biomed, (63–68), Society for Advancement of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to the Mankind (SAMARPAN), Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of the topical preparation of Alpinia galanga willd.
  27. ↑ Lee J, Kim KA, Jeong S, Lee S, Park HJ, Kim NJ, Lim S. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-psychiatric effects by the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Nov 12;126(2):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.033. Epub 2009 Aug 26. PMID 19715749.
  28. ↑ Acharya SD, Ullal SD, Padiyar S, Rao YD, Upadhyaya K, Pillai D, Raj V. Analgesic effect of extracts of Alpinia galanga rhizome in mice. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2011 Jan;9(1):100-4. doi: 10.3736/jcim20110116. PMID 21227040.
  29. ↑ Sharma, P. K., Vijender Singh, V. S., & Kumar, M. A. S. (2015). Evaluation of antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga rhizomes in animal models. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2015, Vol. 6, No. 7, 3103-3108 ref. 21
  30. ↑ Subash, K. R., Britto, G. F., Kumar, K. S., Umamaheshwari, A., Reddy Konda, V. C., & G., B. P. (2018). Analgesic activity of Alpinia galanga extract in mice models and TNF-alpha receptor computational docking analysis on its leads with pharmacokinetics prediction. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 7(3), 446–450. https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180657
  31. ↑ Sriraj, Dasari & Rauf, Mohd. (2019). Evaluation of analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of alpinia galanga rhizomes in experimental animal models. Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 5. 164-169. 10.18231/2393-9087.2018.0034.
  32. ↑ Vittalrao AM, Shanbhag T, Kumari M, Bairy KL, Shenoy S. Evaluation of antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of alcoholic extract of Kaempferia galanga in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 Jan-Mar;55(1):13-24. PMID 22315806.
  33. ↑ Samodra, Galih & Febrina, Dina. (2020). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Extract in Carrageenan-Induced Female Rats. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Community Health (ICCH 2019) 10.2991/ahsr.k.200204.004.
  34. ↑ Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Atangwho IJ, Yam MF, Altaf R, Ahmed A. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, an Anti-inflammatory Constituent, from Kaempferia galanga L. Extracts. Molecules. 2012; 17(7):8720-8734. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17078720
  35. ↑ Tungcharoen P, Wattanapiromsakul C, Tansakul P, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Tewtrakul S. Anti-inflammatory effect of isopimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia galanga. Phytotherapy Research. 2020; 34: 612–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6549
  36. ↑ Sulaiman, M.R., Zakaria, Z.A., Daud, I.A. et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Kaempferia galanga leaves in animal models. J Nat Med 62, 221–227 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-007-0210-3
  37. ↑ Fazhuang Yao, Yuying Huang, Yihai Wang, Xiangjiu He. Anti-inflammatory diarylheptanoids and phenolics from the rhizomes of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.). Industrial Crops and Products, Volume 125, 2018, Pages 454-461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.026.
  38. ↑ Sasaki Y, Norikura T, Matsui-Yuasa I, Fujii R, Limantara L, Kojima-Yuasa A. Kaempferia galanga L. extract and its main component, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, inhibit the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by suppressing TFAM expression. Heliyon. 2023 Jun 23;9(6):e17588. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17588. PMID 37408910; PMCID: PMC10319241.
  39. ↑ Qu HJ, Lin KW, Li XL, Ou HY, Tan YF, Wang M, Wei N. Chemical Constituents and Anti-Gastric Ulcer Activity of Essential Oils of Alpinia officinarum (Zingiberaceae), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), and Their Herbal Pair. Chem Biodivers. 2021 Oct;18(10):e2100214. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100214. PMID 34402190.
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